| Climate Afghanistan :
| arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers
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| Terrain Afghanistan :
| mostly rugged mountains; plains in north and southwest
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| Elevation extremes lowest Afghanistan :
| Amu Darya 258 m
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| Elevation extremes highest Afghanistan :
| Nowshak 7,485 m
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| Natural resources Afghanistan :
| natural gas, petroleum, coal, copper, chromite, talc, barites, sulfur, lead, zinc, iron ore, salt, precious and semiprecious stones
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| Land use arableland Afghanistan :
| 12,13%
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| Irrigated land Afghanistan :
| 23,860 sq km (1998 est.)
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| Natural hazards Afghanistan :
| damaging earthquakes occur in Hindu Kush mountains; flooding; droughts
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| Environment current issues Afghanistan :
| limited natural fresh water resources; inadequate supplies of potable water; soil degradation; overgrazing; deforestation (much of the remaining forests are being cut down for fuel and building materials); desertification; air and water pollution
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| Geography note Afghanistan :
| landlocked; the Hindu Kush mountains that run northeast to southwest divide the northern provinces from the rest of the country; the highest peaks are in the northern Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor)
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